Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad was Malaysia’s Prime Minister from 1981–2003, winning five consecutive elections, overseeing rapid modernisation and economic growth while promoting liberal Muslim values. He established key institutions, including the International Islamic University of Malaysia, which has become a global hub for Islamic scholarship. His long rule, however, was also marked by criticisms of curtailed civil liberties and the political trials faced by his former deputy, Anwar Ibrahim. Mahathir re-entered politics in 2017, forming a new party and leading the Pakatan Harapan coalition to victory in 2018. At 94, he became the world’s oldest serving head of government, holding office until February 2020. Beyond Malaysia, Mahathir has long been a powerful voice for Muslims globally, outspoken on issues of Palestine, Islamophobia, and the need for economic independence in the Muslim world. His calls for Muslim unity and self-reliance continue to resonate internationally. In July 2025, he celebrated his 100th birthday.